I spent much care upon the history of the Arcadian kings, and the genealogy as given above was told me by the Arcadians themselves. Of their memorable achievements the oldest is the Trojan war; then comes the help they gave the Messenians in their struggle against Lacedaemon, and they also took part in the action at Plataea against the Persians.¹

It was compulsion rather than sympathy that made them join the Lacedaemonians in their war against Athens and in crossing over to Asia with Agesilaos;¹ they also followed the Lacedaemonians to Leuktra in Boeotia.² Their distrust of the Lacedaemonians was shown on many occasions; in particular, immediately after the Lacedaemonian reverse at Leuktra they seceded from them and joined the Thebans. Though they did not fight on the Greek side against Philip and the Macedonians at Khaironeia,³ nor later in Thessaly against Antipatros, yet they did not actually range themselves against the Greeks.

It was because of the Lacedaemonians, they say, that they took no part in resisting the Gallic threat to Thermopylae; they feared that their land would be laid waste in the absence of their men of military age. As members of the Achaean League the Arcadians were more enthusiastic than any other Greeks. The fortunes of each individual city, as distinct from those of the Arcadian people as a whole, I shall reserve for their proper place in my narrative.

There is a pass into Arcadia on the Argive side in the direction of Hysiaiand over Mount Parthenios into Tegean territory. There are two others on the side of Mantineia: one through what is called Prinos and one through the Ladder. The latter is the broader, and its descent had steps that were once cut into it. Crossing the Ladder you come to a place called Melangeia, from which the drinking water of the Mantineians flows down to their city.

Farther off from Melangeia, about seven stadium-lengths distant from Mantineia, there is a well called the Well of the Meliasts. These Meliasts celebrate the orgies of Dionysus. Near the well is a hall of Dionysus and a sanctuary of Black Aphrodite. This surname of the goddess is simply due to the fact that men do not, as the beasts do, have sexual intercourse always by day, but in most cases by night.

The second road is less broad than the other, and leads over Mount Artemisios. I have already made mention of this mountain,¹ noting that on it are a temple and image of Artemis, and also the springs of the Inakhos. The river Inakhos, so long as it flows by the road across the mountain, is the boundary between the territory of Argos and that of Mantineia. But when it turns away from the road the stream flows through Argolis from this point on, and for this reason Aeschylus among others calls the Inakhos an Argive river.

{8.7.1.} After crossing into Mantineian country over Mount Artemisios you will come to a plain called the Untilled Plain, whose name well describes it, for the rainwater coming down into it from the mountains prevents the plain from being tilled; nothing indeed could prevent it from being a lake, were it not that the water disappears into a chasm in the earth.